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Scientific Reports Oct 2015The diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is difficult. In recent years, T-cell interferon-γ release assays (IGRAs) are widely used in diagnosing... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is difficult. In recent years, T-cell interferon-γ release assays (IGRAs) are widely used in diagnosing tuberculosis. The aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of body fluid IGRAs in diagnosing EPTB. The PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane bibliographies were searched for English language articles. 22 studies met the inclusion criteria. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of body fluid IGRAs for diagnosing EPTB were 0.87 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.83-0.92] and 0.85 (95% CI: 0.79-0.90), respectively. For the fluid T-SPOT.TB, the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.92 (95% CI: 0.88-0.95) and 0.85 (95% CI: 0.78-0.91), respectively. The diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) of the fluid T-SPOT.TB was 46.99 (95% CI: 13.69-161.28) for tuberculosis pleurisy, 26.46 (95% CI: 11.38-61.56) for tuberculosis peritonitis, and 97.86 (95% CI: 25.31-378.45) for tuberculosis meningitis. The application of T-SPOT. TB in the diagnosis of EPTB performed better in the body fluid than in the blood. The diagnostic values of the fluid T-SPOT.TB varied for different fluid categories. However, the utility of T-SPOT.TB was limited due to its suboptimal accuracy and higher cost compared with conventional tests.
Topics: Body Fluids; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Humans; Interferon-gamma; Tuberculosis
PubMed: 26503802
DOI: 10.1038/srep15284 -
Cancer Cytopathology Jun 2020Body fluid cytology (BFC) is an important tool in the diagnosis and staging of malignancy and is aided by the judicious use of immunohistochemistry (IHC). The aim of...
BACKGROUND
Body fluid cytology (BFC) is an important tool in the diagnosis and staging of malignancy and is aided by the judicious use of immunohistochemistry (IHC). The aim of this study was to determine the usage rates of IHC stains in BFC, their type and indications, and their diagnostic impact. We also attempted to estimate the optimal rate of IHC use in BFC by comparing the entire laboratory's and each individual cytopathologist's IHC use rates with their respective indeterminate and malignant diagnosis rates.
METHODS
We conducted a retrospective study of IHC stain use in BFC during a 5.5-year interval (2013-2018) and determined the laboratory's and each individual cytopathologist's IHC usage patterns according to the final diagnosis, site, and indications for their use.
RESULTS
A total of 477 out of 4144 (11.5%) BFC cases had 2128 individual immunostains performed, with an average of 4.5 immunostains per case. Individual cytopathologists used IHC stains on 6.7% to 22% of their BFC cases. Pathologists with higher rates of IHC stain use than the laboratory's mean were less experienced and had higher rates of indeterminate but not of malignant diagnoses. The most common indication for the use of IHC stains was differentiating mesothelial from malignant cells. MOC31, calretinin, Ber-EP4, CD68, and D2-40 were the most commonly used of the 67 different IHC stains used in BFC.
CONCLUSIONS
The laboratory's mean may represent the optimal IHC use rate, as higher IHC use rates did not lead to more diagnostic certainty or higher pickup rates of malignant cells.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Body Fluids; Cytodiagnosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Neoplasms; Pathologists; Pathology, Clinical; Practice Patterns, Physicians'; Reproducibility of Results; Retrospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity; Staining and Labeling
PubMed: 32163239
DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22256 -
Anesthesia Progress 2017Fasting before general anesthesia aims to reduce the volume and acidity of stomach contents, which reduces the risk of regurgitation and aspiration. Prolonged fasting... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Fasting before general anesthesia aims to reduce the volume and acidity of stomach contents, which reduces the risk of regurgitation and aspiration. Prolonged fasting for many hours prior to surgery could lead to unstable hemodynamics, however. Therefore, preoperative oral intake of clear fluids 2 hours prior to surgery is recommended to decrease dehydration without an increase in aspiration risk. In this study, we investigated the body fluid composition and hemodynamics of patients undergoing general anesthesia as the first case of the day versus the second subsequent case. We retrospectively reviewed the general anesthesia records of patients over 20 years old who underwent oral maxillofacial surgery. We investigated patient demographics, preoperative fasting time, anesthetic time, urine output, infusion volume, and opioid and vasopressor use. With respect to body fluid and hemodynamics, we extracted the data from the induction of anesthesia through 2 hours of anesthesia time. Thirty patients were suitable for this study. Patients were divided into 2 groups: patients who underwent surgery as the first case of the day (am group: n = 15) and patients who underwent surgery as the second case (pm group: n = 15). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in patient demographics. In the pm group, fasting time for a light meal (832 minutes) was significantly longer than for the am group (685 minutes), p = .005. In the pm group, fasting time for clear fluids (216 minutes) was also significantly longer than for the am group (194 minutes), p = .005. Body fluid composition was not significantly different between the 2 groups. In addition, cardiac parameters intraoperatively were stable. In the pm group, vasopressors were used in 4 patients at the induction of anesthesia (p = .01). There were not statistically significant changes in cardiac function or body fluid composition between patients treated as the first case of the day vs patients who underwent surgery with general anesthesia as the second case of the day.
Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, General; Body Fluids; Fasting; Female; Gastrointestinal Contents; Hemodynamics; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Oral Surgical Procedures; Retrospective Studies; Time Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 29200368
DOI: 10.2344/anpr-65-01-01 -
Proteomics Dec 2006The focus of this article is to review the recent advances in proteome analysis of human body fluids, including plasma/serum, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva,... (Review)
Review
The focus of this article is to review the recent advances in proteome analysis of human body fluids, including plasma/serum, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, synovial fluid, nipple aspirate fluid, tear fluid, and amniotic fluid, as well as its applications to human disease biomarker discovery. We aim to summarize the proteomics technologies currently used for global identification and quantification of body fluid proteins, and elaborate the putative biomarkers discovered for a variety of human diseases through human body fluid proteome (HBFP) analysis. Some critical concerns and perspectives in this emerging field are also discussed. With the advances made in proteomics technologies, the impact of HBFP analysis in the search for clinically relevant disease biomarkers would be realized in the future.
Topics: Acute-Phase Proteins; Amniotic Fluid; Biomarkers; Blood Proteins; Body Fluids; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins; Female; Gene Expression Profiling; Glycoproteins; Humans; Lipoproteins; Nipples; Pregnancy; Protein Array Analysis; Proteinuria; Proteomics; Salivary Proteins and Peptides; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Synovial Fluid; Tears
PubMed: 17083142
DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200600284 -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Sep 2022Objective Tolvaptan, a vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist, is a water diuretic, removing electrolyte-free water from the kidneys and affecting the water balance between... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Objective Tolvaptan, a vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist, is a water diuretic, removing electrolyte-free water from the kidneys and affecting the water balance between the intracellular and extracellular fluid. We previously reported that tolvaptan efficiently reduced the intracellular fluid volume, suggesting its utility for treating cellular edema. Furthermore, tolvaptan is known for its low incidence of worsening the renal function, with conventional diuretics use associated with worsening of the renal function Methods In this retrospective observational study, five chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with fluid retention were assessed by the bioelectrical impedance (BIA) method twice (before and after tolvaptan therapy). Tolvaptan was used with conventional diuretics. The post/pre ratio of extracellular water (ECW)/total body water (TBW) in the tolvaptan group was compared with that in 18 CKD patients undergoing body fluid reduction with conventional diuretics alone (conventional diuretics groups), taking the reduced amount of body fluid into consideration. Results Removing body fluid, either by tolvaptan or by conventional diuretics alone, decreased the ECW/TBW ratio. Of note, the reduction in extracellular fluid was milder in the tolvaptan group than in the conventional diuretics group. Conclusion Tolvaptan reduces the extracellular fluid per amount of body fluid reduction less markedly than conventional diuretics.
Topics: Antidiuretic Hormone Receptor Antagonists; Benzazepines; Body Fluids; Diuretics; Extracellular Fluid; Humans; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Tolvaptan; Water
PubMed: 35110480
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.8533-21 -
Current Opinion in Genetics &... Jun 2015Over several decades genetic studies have unraveled many molecular mechanisms that underlie the signaling networks guiding morphogenesis, but the mechanical forces at... (Review)
Review
Over several decades genetic studies have unraveled many molecular mechanisms that underlie the signaling networks guiding morphogenesis, but the mechanical forces at work remain much less well understood. Accumulation of fluid within a luminal space can generate outward hydrostatic pressure capable of shaping morphogenesis at several scales, ranging from individual organs to the entire vertebrate body-plan. Here, we focus on recent work that uncovered mechanical roles for fluid secretion during morphogenesis. Identifying the roles and regulation of fluid secretion will be instrumental for understanding the mechanics of morphogenesis as well as many human diseases of complex genetic and environmental origin including secretory diarrheas and scoliosis.
Topics: Animals; Biomechanical Phenomena; Body Fluids; Body Patterning; Embryonic Development; Humans; Hydrostatic Pressure; Models, Biological; Organogenesis
PubMed: 25698116
DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2015.01.010 -
Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi Feb 2023To establish a rapid and nondestructive identification method for human body fluid stains and non-biological stains using three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy.
OBJECTIVES
To establish a rapid and nondestructive identification method for human body fluid stains and non-biological stains using three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy.
METHODS
The collected three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum data of human saliva, 3% blood, coffee and Fanta stains were processed with dimensionality reduction. After wavelet transform, spectral denoising and feature extraction, the classification formula was established. The Fisher discriminant was used for spectrum matching and recognition to establish the analysis method to distinguish stain types.
RESULTS
According to the results of data training and comparison, all the recognition accuracies of Fanta, coffee, saliva and blood were more than 91.39%. Among them, saliva reached 100% recognition accuracy.
CONCLUSIONS
Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy is a potential method for rapid and nondestructive identification of biological and non-biological stains.
Topics: Humans; Forensic Medicine; Coloring Agents; Coffee; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Body Fluids
PubMed: 37038854
DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2020.500309 -
Journal of the American Society of... Dec 2011Pioneering investigations conducted over a half century ago on tonicity, transcapillary fluid exchange, and the distribution of water and solute serve as a foundation... (Review)
Review
Pioneering investigations conducted over a half century ago on tonicity, transcapillary fluid exchange, and the distribution of water and solute serve as a foundation for understanding the physiology of body fluid spaces. With passage of time, however, some of these concepts have lost their connectivity to more contemporary information. Here we examine the physical forces determining the compartmentalization of body fluid and its movement across capillary and cell membrane barriers, drawing particular attention to the interstitium operating as a dynamic interface for water and solute distribution rather than as a static reservoir. Newer work now supports an evolving model of body fluid dynamics that integrates exchangeable Na(+) stores and transcapillary dynamics with advances in interstitial matrix biology.
Topics: Animals; Body Fluids; Forecasting; Humans; Hydrodynamics
PubMed: 22034644
DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2011080865 -
Genes Oct 2021Body fluid and body tissue identification are important in forensic science as they can provide key evidence in a criminal investigation and may assist the court in... (Review)
Review
Body fluid and body tissue identification are important in forensic science as they can provide key evidence in a criminal investigation and may assist the court in reaching conclusions. Establishing a link between identifying the fluid or tissue and the DNA profile adds further weight to this evidence. Many forensic laboratories retain techniques for the identification of biological fluids that have been widely used for some time. More recently, many different biomarkers and technologies have been proposed for identification of body fluids and tissues of forensic relevance some of which are now used in forensic casework. Here, we summarize the role of body fluid/ tissue identification in the evaluation of forensic evidence, describe how such evidence is detected at the crime scene and in the laboratory, elaborate different technologies available to do this, and reflect real life experiences. We explain how, by including this information, crucial links can be made to aid in the investigation and solution of crime.
Topics: Body Fluids; DNA Methylation; Forensic Sciences; Genetic Techniques; Humans
PubMed: 34828334
DOI: 10.3390/genes12111728 -
American Journal of Physiology.... Oct 2014Teleost fishes are the major group of ray-finned fishes and represent more than one-half of the total number of vertebrate species. They have experienced in their... (Review)
Review
Teleost fishes are the major group of ray-finned fishes and represent more than one-half of the total number of vertebrate species. They have experienced in their evolution an additional third-round whole genome duplication just after the divergence of their lineage, which endowed them with an extra adaptability to invade various aquatic habitats. Thus their physiology is also extremely diverse compared with other vertebrate groups as exemplified by the many patterns of body fluid regulation or osmoregulation. The key osmoregulatory organ for teleosts, whose body fluid composition is similar to mammals, is the gill, where ions are absorbed from or excreted into surrounding waters of various salinities against concentration gradients. It has been shown that the underlying molecular physiology of gill ionocytes responsible for ion regulation is highly variable among species. This variability is also seen in the endocrine control of osmoregulation where some hormones have distinct effects on body fluid regulation in different teleost species. A typical example is atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP); ANP is secreted in response to increased blood volume and acts on various osmoregulatory organs to restore volume in rainbow trout as it does in mammals, but it is secreted in response to increased plasma osmolality, and specifically decreases NaCl, and not water, in the body of eels. The distinct actions of other osmoregulatory hormones such as growth hormone, prolactin, angiotensin II, and vasotocin among teleost species are also evident. We hypothesized that such diversity of ionocytes and hormone actions among species stems from their intrinsic differences in body fluid regulation that originated from their native habitats, either fresh water or seawater. In this review, we summarized remarkable differences in body fluid regulation and its endocrine control among teleost species, although the number of species is still limited to substantiate the hypothesis.
Topics: Animals; Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Body Fluids; Endocrine System; Fishes; Hormones; Humans; Water-Electrolyte Balance
PubMed: 24965789
DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00104.2014